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2. Quantitative Description of Ecosystems
2.1 – Leaf Area Density
2.2 – Leaf Angle Distribution
5. Soil Temperature
5.1 – Soil Thermal Properties
5.2 – Soil Temperature
5.3 – Phase Change
6. Turbulent Fluxes and Scalar Profiles in the Surface Layer
6.1 – Flux Calculations and Obukhov Length
6.2 – Roughness Length
7. Surface Energy Fluxes
7.1 – Surface Fluxes' Diurnal Cycle
8. Soil Moisture
8.1 – Predictor–Corrector Solution for the 𝜓-Based Richards Equation
8.2 – Modified Picard Iteration for the Mixed-Form Richards Equation
9. Hydrologic Scaling and Spatial Heterogeneity
9.1 – Infiltration Capacity
10. Leaf Temperature and Energy Fluxes
10.1 – Leaf Boundary Layer Conductance
10.2 – Leaf Temperature
11. Leaf Photosynthesis
11.1 – Farquhar et al. (1980) Photosynthesis
12. Stomatal Conductance
12.1 – Leaf Gas Exchange
12.2 – Leaf Gas Exchange Coupled with the Leaf Energy Budget
13. Plant Hydraulics
13.1 – Plant Hydraulics
14. Radiative Transfer
14.1 – Direct Beam Extinction Coefficient
14.2 – Two-Stream Approximation
14.3 – Radiative Transfer
14.4 – Longwave Radiation
16. Scalar Canopy Profiles
16.1 – Implicit Flux–Profile Solution
17. Biogeochemical Models
17.1 – Biogeochemical Model
18. Soil Biogeochemistry
18.1 – DAYCENT
Chapter 14 – Radiative Transfer
Table of contents
14.1 – Direct Beam Extinction Coefficient
14.2 – Two-Stream Approximation
14.3 – Radiative Transfer
14.4 – Longwave Radiation